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By Marissa Velazquez


Gender identity is the internal personal sense of being a man, woman, or outside the binary gender identity. For transgender people, this identity differs from the gender they were assigned at birth. While gender identity differs from sexual orientation, it is no easier to change. For this reason, transgender individuals seek to align their bodies with their gender identity. Consequently, certain transgender health issues frequently arise within this population.

There are different levels of trans identity. Transvestites like to wear clothing that is traditionally associated with the opposite sex but they are not interested in changing their gender assignment on a full-time basis. Drag kings and queens are individuals who do not appear to be either traditionally feminine or masculine. Others feel they are either a little of both or neither one.

Transexuals are people who have a powerful desire to live and be recognized as a member of the opposite gender to which they were born. Many of these people have gender reassignment treatment to make their appearance look more like their desired gender. This may include a combination of hormones and surgery with rigorous counselling.

From a surprisingly young age, children may begin expressing behavior that may indicate they have been born with the "wrong" gender. Take the case of Nick, whose mother noticed that he started playing conventionally girly games from the age of two. By the age of four, he told her God had made a mistake when he made him a boy. By the age of six, he expressed the desire to change his gender.

Fortuitously, Nick's mother located a sympathetic doctor who was able to delay Nick's progress through puberty by injecting him with the necessary hormones. This gave him the breathing space he needed to make the right decision without the psychological agony of undergoing the physical changes associated with male puberty. Nick ultimately went through the reassignment process and became Nicki.

Trans people are more likely than the general population to feel mentally distressed because of the levels of social disapproval and discrimination that they often face. They experience higher levels of harassment and violence and are therefore at an increased risk of depression, self-harm and suicide. They will often avoid seeking medical care because they are afraid of being rejected.

Not all healthcare providers have the necessary trans savvy to deal effectively with these patients and may even turn them away. Frequently, gender-related problems are not covered by insurance. This, too, acts as a barrier to medical care access for transgender individuals. Another issue is cancer of the retained pre-op sexual organs. Transgender men who still have ovaries, a uterus and breasts may get cancer in these organs. Trans women may be prone to prostate cancer.

In the past two decades, several organizations have been established to help correct these problems. The Mermaids charity, for example, supports kids, teens and their families with gender identity topics. The Center of Excellence for Transgender Health focuses its attention on preventing HIV, mental well-being, routine care and cultural competency. The World Association for Transgender Health (WPATH), formerly the Harry Benjamin International Gender Dysphoria Association, exists to provide advocacy, care and respect for trans patients.




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